Suchergebnisse

Na podstawie źródeł administracyjnych z poboru jednorazowego podatku majątkowego w 1974 r. zidentyfikowano najbogatszych mieszkańców Warszawy. Wartość ich majątków była mniejsza niż w wypadku elit II i III Rzeczypospolitej, jednakże również w Polsce Ludowej można było zgromadzić majątek imponującej wartości, przekraczającej trzydziestokrotność rocznych zarobków pracownika zarabiającego przeciętne wynagrodzenie. Cechą wspólną większości najbogatszych podatników jest miejsce zamieszkania – Stary Żoliborz i jego okolice oraz przynależność do inteligencji. Wśród najbogatszych szczególnie silna jest reprezentacja ludzi kultury oraz nauki. Stratyfikacja majątkowa społeczeństwa w dobie realnego socjalizmu była zasadniczo odmienna niż w gospodarce rynkowej.

Abstract
In this paper, I estimate income inequality in Warsaw in the early XIX century, using the 1833 tax census as the data source. I compare the income of Jews and Christians and investigate the spatial dimension of income inequality in the city. In 1833, income inequality in Warsaw was very high by modern standards and medium by contemporary standards. The Gini index stood at 0.59, and the share of the top 1% was 19%. The inequality extraction ratio was 76%. The mean income of Jews was significantly higher than the mean income of Christians. Mean income varied strongly across districts of the city.

The interest of economists and policy makers in collecting data on house-hold wealth has been growing over the last decade (from the beginning of financial crisis in 2008). It has two fundamental reasons: wealth accumulation and growing inequalities as well as formulation of better public policies. The aim of the article is to discuss key methodological issues in the research on household wealth, to present solutions devel-oped by the OECD expert committee applied in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) and to identify areas that require further consideration. Since 2010 signifi-cant progress has been achieved in the measurement of private wealth. Further research on the adequate representation of the richest households in the research sample and concepts of wealth broader than private wealth should be encouraged.

AbstractWe study how the problem of the 'missing rich', the underrepresentation of the wealthiest in household surveys, affects wealth inequality estimates for the post‐socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The survey data from the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) are joined with the data from the national rich lists for Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia. Pareto distribution is fitted to the joined survey and rich lists' data to impute the missing observations for the largest wealth values. We provide the first estimates of the top‐corrected wealth inequality for the CEE region in 2013/2014. Despite a short period of wealth accumulation during the post‐1989 market economy period, our adjustment procedure reveals that wealth inequality in the Baltic countries is comparable to that of Germany (one of the most wealth‐unequal countries in Europe), while in Poland and Hungary it has reached levels observed in France or Spain. We discuss possible explanations of these findings with reference to the speed and range of privatization processes, extent of income inequality, and the role of inheritances and wealth taxes in the region.